When you think about air pollution, you probably picture smog outside. But according to environmental and health agencies, indoor air contaminants can be just as concerning, if not more so, than outdoor pollution.
From dust and pet dander to carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds, many indoor air quality pollutants come from everyday activities and materials in your home.
In this guide, we’ll break down the most common sources of indoor air pollution, how they affect your health, and practical ways to improve indoor air quality.
What Are Indoor Air Quality Pollutants?
Indoor air contaminants are particles, gases, or biological pollutants that affect the air quality inside your home.
According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, common indoor air quality pollutants include:
- Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
- Dust, fibreglass, and building materials
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Mould, bacteria, and fungi
- Pet dander and dust mites
- Other sources, such as tobacco smoke and perfume
These pollutants can build up over time, especially in tightly sealed homes with limited ventilation.
Why Indoor Air Quality Matters
Poor indoor air quality isn’t just uncomfortable; it can affect your health.
Common symptoms linked to indoor air pollution include:
- Eye, nose, and throat irritation
- Headaches and fatigue
- Coughing and sneezing
- Allergies and asthma flare-ups
- Shortness of breath
- Dizziness
In more serious cases, exposure to contaminants like carbon monoxide or radon can pose significant health risks.
10 Common Indoor Air Contaminants
Here are some of the most common indoor air contaminants found in Canadian homes:
1. Dust and Dust Mites
Dust, which is made up of a variety of particles like dead skin cells, pollen, dust mites, fibres, soil, and pet dander, accumulates in carpets, furniture, and bedding.
Dust mites are microscopic spider-like organisms that thrive in warm, dark, humid environments. Dust and dust mites (well, technically their droppings) can trigger allergies and asthma.
2. Pet Dander
Even clean pets shed microscopic skin particles that become airborne. Pet dander is a major allergen and easily spreads through your HVAC system.
3. Mould and Moisture
Bathrooms, basements, and kitchens are common problem areas. Excess moisture from high humidity or poor ventilation can lead to mould. Mould may cause respiratory issues and allergic reactions, among other health concerns.
4. Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas produced by fuel-burning appliances. It’s extremely dangerous at high levels and can even be deadly.
This is why having working CO detectors, especially in hallways near sleeping areas, is critical to your family’s safety.
5. Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
Carbon dioxide is produced by household occupants and combustion appliances. High levels are a sign of poor ventilation and can cause fatigue and headaches.
6. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, can irritate lungs and impact long-term health. VOCs are released by paints, cleaners, furniture, and flooring.
7. Radon
Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that enters homes through the foundation. According to Health Canada, long-term exposure to high radon levels is the leading cause of lung cancer among non-smokers.
The only way to determine if your home has high radon levels is to have it tested.
8. Fine Particulate Matter (PM)
Tiny airborne particles from cooking, cigarette smoke, and certain hobbies can be inhaled and impact the lungs and heart.
9. Pesticides and Household Chemicals
Often stored in kitchens or basements, pesticides and household chemicals can irritate airways and impact long-term health. Improper storage increases the risk of exposure.
10. Other Biological Contaminants
Other biological pollutants, such as pollen, bacteria, and viruses, can trigger allergic reactions and illnesses. In fact, a number of infectious diseases, including influenza, are transmitted through the air, making proper ventilation essential.
How to Check Indoor Air Quality
If you’re wondering how to check indoor air quality, there are a few effective options:
Use an Indoor Air Quality Monitor
While the accuracy of these devices varies, an indoor air quality monitor is designed to track humidity levels, particulate matter, VOCs, and CO₂ levels.
Schedule Indoor Air Quality Testing
Professional indoor air quality testing looks at humidity levels and other factors. It can also detect hidden issues like mould, radon, carbon monoxide, and airborne contaminants. This is the most accurate way to check the air quality in your house.
Watch for Warning Signs
You may need an indoor air pollution test if you notice:
- Persistent odors
- Excess dust
- Allergy and respiratory symptoms that worsen indoors and improve when you leave your house for several hours
- Condensation or moisture issues
How to Improve Indoor Air Quality
The good news? There are several ways to improve indoor air quality in your home.
Focus on Ventilation
Proper ventilation is key because fresh air helps dilute contaminants. To ensure adequate air flow in your home, use bathroom and kitchen exhaust fans and open your windows when possible.
Upgrade Air Filtration
Your HVAC system plays a major role in air quality. Use high-quality filters and replace them regularly. You may also want to consider a whole-home air purification system.
Control Humidity
Balanced humidity reduces mould and dust mites. In the winter, when the air is dry, use a humidifier. For damp areas of your home, like your basement, run a dehumidifier. Ideally, aim for a humidity level of 30 to 50%.
Maintain Your HVAC System
Routine HVAC maintenance helps keep air clean and systems efficient. This includes cleaning components, ensuring proper ventilation, and checking airflow.
For homeowners in Ontario, we offer professional HVAC maintenance in London, and our technicians have the experience to identify and resolve air quality issues.
Reduce Pollution Sources
When it comes to how to improve indoor air quality, source control is one of the most effective strategies. We recommend:
- Choosing low-VOC products
- Storing chemicals properly
- Avoiding smoking indoors
- Limiting the use of harsh cleaners
- Dusting, vacuuming, and washing bedding regularly
- Having family members and visitors remove their shoes in the home to prevent tracking allergens like pollen across floors
Consider Professional Solutions
Professionally installed systems can significantly improve air quality in your home. Whole-home air purifiers, humidifiers and dehumidifiers, and upgraded ventilation systems are far more effective than portable, one-size-fits-all solutions.
When to Call an HVAC Professional
If you’re unsure how to test indoor air quality or improve conditions in your home, a professional can help.
At Comfort Zone Services, we offer indoor air quality solutions in London, Ontario, as well as HVAC system inspections and maintenance. Our technicians can provide expert advice tailored to your home, individual needs, and specific air quality concerns.
Final Thoughts: Clean Air Starts at Home
Many homeowners don’t realize how much of an impact air quality has on their comfort and health. From dust and pet dander to invisible gases like carbon monoxide and radon, these indoor air contaminants can build up quickly without proper ventilation and maintenance.
Knowing how to check indoor air quality and how to improve indoor air quality will give you more control over your home environment.
Looking for Indoor Air Quality Solutions in London, ON?
If you’re concerned about indoor air pollution or want to explore solutions, Comfort Zone Services is here to help.
Contact us today to schedule a free in-home estimate!